Phonics is the method of teaching children to read and write. It teaches primary school children that sounds are represented as letters and groups of letters. Synthetic phonics is regarded as the most successful method. When a child is learning to read, they are learning a code. Letters represent the symbols for the code, eventually they will be able to crack the code if they know what the symbols mean. There are two important processes that children are learning whilst they are being taught how to read. Firstly, the sound that they are learning is represented by written letters which they will eventually need to learn and also, how the sounds blend together to make words.
Children learn to read by being taught letters and then eventually groups of letters by saying the sound that these letters represent. This forms part of Letters and Sounds phase 2.
They begin to decode words by blending sounds together (synthesising) to eventually make the words. The term blending is when individual sounds that make up a word are merged together. Children blend them together to compile a new word e.g. c-a-t becomes cat. The term decoding refers how the child reads a word by sounding out and then joining (blending) them together to effectively form the word. Sounding out refers to the individual sounds that makes up a word.There are twenty six letters in English alphabet; these letters make forty four sounds. These consist of vowel sounds and consonant sounds. Not all of these can be sounded out phonetically, for example, ?said' is a common word but the letters do not make the sound that you would expect.
This can be quite puzzling for new learners who are trying to logically sound this word out. Another example of this is ?the'. ?Th' is quite a complicated sound; it is fairly common for children to recognise this sound as ?f' or ?v'. Because this sound can be pretty confusing, repetition and re-telling will help children grasp the problem. ?The' can be classed as a sight word; these are words that simply need to be remembered as they cannot be sounded out easily.Listening to phonic sounds is significant for the growth of children's language and literacy skills, from listening; children can become familiar with and also distinguish sounds which they may hear in words. For example, if they are able to hear the differences in ?pot' ?pat' and ?put' they can become familiar with the sounds to successfully spell these words.
Source: http://education.ezinemark.com/phonics-teaching-children-how-to-read-18dab6997c6.html
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